Foundations' income
Geven in Nederland 2005 : giften, legaten, sponsoring en vrijwilligerswerk / Th. N.M. Schuyt (Ed.). - 5th ed. - Houten : Bohn Staftleu Van Loghum, 2005. - 304 p.
This fifth edition contains findings from a survey, conducted in the Netherlands, on giving and volunteering. Provides information on topics concerned with giving such as emerging trends; motivations; and attitudes towards charitable organisations. Includes graphs and textual explanation.
For information: http://filantropie.scw.vu.nl/gin/
Les documents de travail du sénat : l'encouragement du mécénat culturel - Paris : Sénat francais (Division des études de législation comparée du service des études juridiques), 2003. - 40 p. - (Législation comparée, LC 120).
This document describes the legal and fiscal framework which encourages cultural philanthropy in Germany, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Switzerland. It analyses this fiscal legislation as well as the financial impact on the income of private persons and organisations who make donations.
www.senat.fr/lc/lc120/lc120.pdf For information: www.senat.fr/elc.html
The John Hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project : social origins of civil society / Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, Helmut K. Anheier. - Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins University Center for Civil Society Studies, 2000. - 24 p. - (The Johns Hopkins Comparitive Nonprofit Sector Project).
This report describes the social origins of the non-profit sector in 22 countries. It also has statistical data and an overview of the activities, scope, structure, and financing of non-profit organisations.
For information: http://www.jhu.edu/~ccss/pubs/cnpwork/
A lifetime of giving : an analysis of donor lifetime / Adrian Sargeant, Jane McKenzie. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 1998. - 48 p.
As income from governments declines, charities are looking increasingly to their individual donors for support. This study shows how much more donors may have to give - a lifetime of giving. To unlock this potential, charities need to nurture a new relationship with donors. Building loyalty is recognised as a crucial element of successful marketing in a wide range of business sectors. Building relationships with lifetime donors requires extra input in time, effort, planning and investment. This report shows how the extra investment can bring long-term and sustainable return. It provides a comprehensive picture of how to build lifetime donor relationships.
For information: http://www.cafonline.org/research/pubsno.cfm
The people's lottery - London : The Stationery Office Limited, 1997. - 30 p.
This is the White Paper on the National Lottery which was presented to the parliament of the United Kingdom in July 1997. It gives details about the funding given to charitable causes by the National Lottery. Guidelines are also provided on new initiatives to improve the Lottery's contribution to five 'good causes' : the arts, sports, charities, heritage and the Millennium.
For information: http://www.tsoshop.co.uk/
Sustaining civil society : strategies for resource mobilization / Leslie M. Fox, S. Bruce Schearer. - Washington : CIVICUS, 1997. - 373 p.
Describes in detail innovative methods used by civil society organisations to fund their programmes. Includes chapters on revenues from earned income, engaging corporations, venture capital, microcredit programmes, and debt conversion. Each concept is illustrated by case studies.
For information: http://www.civicus.org/new/book_list.asp?id=13
Local funding : the impact of the National Lottery Charities Board / Julia Unwin, Peter Westland. - London : Association of Charitable Foundations (ACF), 1997. - 40 p.
This report provides a clear and interesting analysis of the debate about the role of independent funders in the current local funding environment. The first part is a national overview of the issues involved and the second is a summary of interviews with local voluntary organisations in eight localities and four members of the NLCB's Regional Advisory Panels.
Funding Europe's solidarity : resourcing foundations, associations, voluntary organisations and NGOs in the member states of the European Union / Liam p. Doyle. - Brussels : Association for Innovative Cooperation in Europe (AICE), 1996.
This report identifies and discusses issues of concern to Europe's third sector. It describes its size, impact, operating infrastructure, patterns of growth and fields of activity as well as analysing issues which impact the sector's effectiveness. Profiles of the third sector in individual countries are also provided.
A chance for charities distributing the proceeds of the lottery. - London : Association of Charitable Foundations, 1992. - 58 p.
Report of the Association of Charitable Foundations (ACF) Committee of Inquiry. The committee was set up at the request of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, to look into the distribution of proceeds from the forthcoming national lottery to the charitable organisations that should be receiving a share of the money generated by the lottery.
Charities and charging : who pays / Diana Leat. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 1989. - 36 p.
This pilot study based on case studies of ten organisations based in the United Kingdom explores the significance of fees and charges as a source of income for different types of non-profit organisations.
Foundations' investment practices
Guide juridique et fiscal du mécénat et des fondations : à l'usage des entreprises et dess entrepreneurs / Olivier Binder. - 3rd ed. - Paris : Association pour le Développement du Mécénat Industriel et Commercial - Admical, 2005. - 683 p. ISBN: 2907507222
Divided into 15 chapters, this guide compiles the legal and fiscal environment of corporate funders in France. It includes an exhaustive analysis of its particularities, from the current legal situation of associations and foundations to the analysis of their activities. There are also chapters with regards to the administration, investment policies, author rights, advertising, media and accounting. Annex includes the most important laws and regulations.
For information: http://www.admical.org/default.asp?contentid=71
Social enterprise in the balance. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 2004.
This report conducted by CAF (Charities Aid Foundation) and Manchester University, presents the findings of a two-year research project looking at policy and practice challenges of developing social enterprise activity within voluntary and community organisations. One of the major challenges found through the study was inevitably funding. According to the study, funders and investors often have unrealistic expectations of risk and returns, while many groups encounter gaps in funding at critical stages of their development. One of the key recommendations of the report is that voluntary and community groups need to look to dedicated funding mechanisms that support their development, coupled with funding strategies for the longer-term.
For information: http://www.cafonline.org/events/ev_socialenterprise.cfm
Charity investment industry : survey 2003. - London : JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management, 2003. - 20p.
This survey analyses charities in the UK and their approach towards managing their investment assets. The economic decline on fundraising and stock market decline on asset values has produced a negative effect on charities investment. The survey shows concern amongst those UK citizens polled with regard to the uncertainty over the correct investment strategy to take in these circumstances. The survey is highly regarded by UK charitable investors.
For information: http://society.guardian.co.uk/charityfinance/story/0,8150,1169895,00.html
Building your endowment / Edward C. Schumacher. - San Francisco : Jossey-Bass, 2003. - XIX, 88 p. - (Excellence in fund raising).
This book describes ways in which an endowment programme can be put in place in a non-profit organisation. It is designed as a practical approach to endowment fund raising, therefore much of its content consists of worksheets. The workbook format allows users to apply the ideas and concepts presented therein to their organisation.
For information: http://www.josseybass.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0787960101,descCd-tableOfContents.html
Aggregate protocol for responsible investment management of endowments. - Germany : The Bellagio Forum for Sustainable Development, 2002.
The Bellagio Forum for Sustainable Development (BFSD) submitted a paper at the WSSD in Johannesburg in 2002 calling for endowed foundations worldwide to rethink the manner in which they use and manage their funds. Specifically, this means employing not just the return on the capital they have invested for philanthropic goals, but also the capital itself to foster the mandate of foundations to induce change in society. As a first step, the Bellagio Forum has defined a set of protocols that can guide the work of financial officers and become a practical benchmark tool for financial institutions.
For information: http://bfsd.server.enovum.com/en/content/view/29/65/
Ethical Investment. - [s.l.] : NOP Solutions, Kent : Charities Aid Foundation, 2001.
Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) commissioned NOP Solutions to conduct a survey of the general public in April 2001. 2000 adults, chosen to be representative of the British public, were questioned about their attitudes towards ethical and socially responsible investment, and who they thought should be investing their funds in this way. Results of the survey were published in September 2001 and are available from www.cafonline.org/research/ethical_investment.cfm.
La gestione finanziaria delle fondazioni bancarie. - Pavia : Universita' Degli Studi Di Pavia (Osservatorio sulle Fondazioni), 2001. - 101 p.
This volume is divided into two parts, the first of which describes bank foundation management of the foundations and the second part analyses the situation of banking foundations in Italy.
For information: http://www.compagnia.torino.it/iniziative/ricerca_fonda.html
Foundations in the Czech Republic (current information). - Prague : Czech Donors Forum, 2000. - 25 p.
A report based on the first National Conference of Foundations held in June 2000 in the Senate of the Czech Republic. It contains basic information about foundations in the Czech Republic and Czech lands, a draft of a code of ethics for foundations and a description of the balanced investment fund for foundations.
For information: http://www.donorsforum.cz/index.php?lang=a&id=1021&kat=9
The economic environment for the civil non-profit sector in the Czech Republic : foundations and assets / Jiri Müller. - Prague : Czech Donors Forum, 2000. - 48 p.
The top ten most serious problems of non-profit organizations in the Czech Republic are highlighted within this report.The aim of this study is not to evaluate the role of the non-profit sector in society, but rather to describe the emerging economic environment in which non-state, non-profit organizations operate. The other aim is to investigate the relationship between a foundations' assets and its sustainability.
For information: http://www.donorsforum.cz/index.php?lang=a&id=1021&kat=9
Banking : a step by step guide for small voluntary organisations / Gail Moss. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 1999. - 120 p. - (Money management).
This book offers advice to voluntary organisations on choosing a bank and services to help manage money and assets. It covers deciding what is wanted from a bank, negotiating charges, monitoring banking relationships, and dealing with problems.
Managing your investments : a step by step guide for small voluntary organisations / Gail Moss. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 1999. - 144 p. - (Money management).
This book explains the responsibilities placed on charitable investors both by law and by public expectation. Starting from first principles, it aims to help readers approach the important role of managing their organisations investments with confidence. Topics covered include: assessing the current investment position, understanding the services available, choosing an investment manager, and deciding whether to invest ethically. Includes a glossary and a list of useful addresses and resources.
Ethical investment : how the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust does it. - York : The Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, 1997. - 28 p.
A short review describing the history and basics of the process of ethical investment. The example for ethical investment is taken from the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, which hopes to further its goals by investing in a socially responsible manner.
For information: http://www.jrct.org.uk/text.asp?section=000100030007
Social investment and other financing techniques for voluntary organisations / Malcolm Lynch. - Kent : Charities Aid Foundation (CAF), 1997. - 127 p.
An introduction to and overview of the many financing techniques voluntary organisations increasingly depend on, such as stock market issues, affinity borrowing and ethical investment.
For information: http://www.volresource.org.uk/moreres/resxtr01.htm
Investissements éthiques : expériences françaises et étrangères / Alain Ragot, Hugues Robert. - Paris : Fondation de France, 1990. - 32 p.
Based on the American experience in the field of ethical investments, this study identifies ways that French associations can use ethical investment as a funding source.
US Resources
A series of useful US resources can be found in the field. They focus both on trends and patterns as well as capacity-building and peer-learning tools. Below are only a few examples.
Money, mission, and the payout rule : in search of a strategic approach to foundation spending / Thomas J. Billitteri. - Washington : the Nonprofit Sector Research Fund, 2005.
The Nonprofit Sector Research Fund (NSRF) at the Washington, D.C.-based Aspen Institute has released a new report that examines issues related to the long-standing debate over foundation payout. Written by former Chronicle of Philanthropy editor Thomas Billitteri, the report, Money, Mission, and the Payout Rate: In Search of a Strategic Approach to Foundation Spending, explores three questions at the heart of the payout debate: the role of private foundations, as distinct from public charities, in democratic society; the effect of quality leadership at foundations on the shaping and perception of payout policies; and whether foundations should last in perpetuity. Also addressed is the specific question of whether the current 5 percent payout rate is too low, too high, or just right.
www.nonprofitresearch.org/usr_doc/FullReport721.pdf
Providing for the long term : supporting endowments and investable assets / Tony Prosico. - New York : The Ford Foundation, 2003. - 29 p. - (GrantCraft).
This resource gives a basic introduction to endowments and the management of them for philanthropists. It begins with a definition and the pros and cons of endowments and continues with practical tips on size, governance, and asset management. It concludes with real life scenarios from grantmakers who use this model of investment. The guide is one in a series by GrantCraft on basics for grantmakers and is sponsored by the Ford Foundation.
http://www.grantcraft.org/pdfs/endowments.pdf For information: http://www.grantcraft.org/
Finances, portfolio, composition, investment management and administrative expenses in private foundations Vol. I. - 10th ed. - Washington, DC: Council on Foundations, 2001. (Foundation Management Series).
Details trends in investment management practices and asset allocation in the first book of a three-volume set.
Investment management for endowed institutions / Laurence B. Siegel. - 2nd ed. - New York : Ford Foundation, 2001. - 30 p.
A 2001 primer on investment strategies for endowed institutions. It describes a step-by-step process through which institutions can invest their funds wisely. This brief handbook covers endowment governance and management, as well as general principles of investing from the perspective of a U.S. institution.
http://www.fordfound.org/publications/recent_articles/docs/investman.pdf
Spending policies for foundations : the case for increased grants payout / Perry Mehrling. - San Diego : National Network of Grantmakers, 2000. - 13 p.
Payout by private foundations and public charities is the source of funds from which flow the grants that support much of the non-profit activity in the United States. This report offers a broader perspective on foundation growth - including investments, gifts, and new formations - painting a picture of philanthropic finances with a lesser emphasis on endowments. Among the topics dealt with in the text are grants payout, foundation growth, and perpetuity and payout. Full contents listing is provided.
http://www.nng.org/download/Publication/14/Spending%20Policies%20for%20Foundations%20%20Mehrling%20Report.pdf For information: http://www.nng.org/white_papers.html
Sustainable payout for foundations. - Grand Haven : Cambridge Associated Inc., 2000. - 26 p.
A study evaluating the sustainable real level of payout for private foundations in light of the actual experience of a sample of private foundations with diversified portfolios located in the State of Michigan.
http://www.cmif.org/documents/payout.pdf For information: http://www.cmif.org/Resources_Publications01_Genl_F.htm
Managing a private foundation / Paul K. Rhoads. - Washington : The Philanthropy Roundtable, 1999. - 99 p. - (The effective donor).
A follow up to the publication 'Starting A Private Foundation' . Aims to discuss the activities and responsibilities of a private foundation manager. Topics covered include: long-term planning, trustee organisation, staff, investments, grants management and day-to-day decision making.
For information: http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/magazines/1997/fall/rhoads.html
Community foundation training manual III : management. - Washington : Council on Foundations, 1990. - 60 p.
Third in a series of six manuals looking at the various aspects for creating and running a community foundation. Practical guidelines are offered throughout the series which together cover mission, governance, management, resource development, grantmaking and communications and public relations. This particular volume addresses planning, legal dimensions, structure and organisation, administration, supervision, finance and networking.
For more information: http://www.cof.org/index.cfm?containerid=31&orglink=36&navID=250
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